To conduct an in-depth analysis of wavelength response characteristics and offset calibration, and to meet the demand for precise three-directional pressure measurement in various scenarios, this study designed a three-axis pressure sensor based on a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) array. The sensor adopts a '3-FBG array integrated with an elastic matrix' structure. By optimizing the tri-axial stress-sensitive zones of the matrix through finite element simulation, three FBGs with a center wavelength of 1550 nm are oriented and bonded along the x, y, and z axes in the sensitive area, and high-precision signal acquisition is achieved with the SM-125 demodulator. A testing platform was established to carry out dynamic response and static calibration experiments, with each working condition repeated three times to verify reliability. The results show that the three-directional pressures are fully decoupled without crosstalk, with peak wavelength shifts in the x, y, and z directions of 0.8 nm, 1.2 nm, and 1.1 nm, respectively; within the static range, the linear fitting coefficient R2 > 0.998, and sensitivities in the x, y, and z directions reach 4.25 nm/MPa, 5.9 nm/MPa, and 4.25 nm/MPa, with an overall measurement accuracy error of less than 1.5%. This sensor combines advantages such as fast response, high precision, strong stability, and compact structure, effectively addressing the pain points of conventional technologies. It is suitable for scenarios such as structural health monitoring and industrial equipment detection, offering significant practical value and promotion potential, and providing a feasible solution and data support for multi-directional pressure sensing technology.