Abstract:Hollow-core anti-resonant fiber (HC-ARF), with its high laser damage threshold and low nonlin-earity characteristics, has emerged as an ideal transmission medium for high-power laser energy transmission systems. This paper aims to explore the design of a low-loss multimode HC-ARF suitable for the 1064 nm wavelength band. The hollow-core fiber selects four typical cladding nested tube structures: elliptical ARF-1, negative waterdrop ARF-2, positive waterdrop ARF-3, and circular ARF-4. With some structural parameters fixed, the relationship between structural pa-rameters and confinement loss (CL) is analyzed by conducting parameter scans on the number of nested tubes (N), size, and curvature-related structural parameters. Furthermore, the number of low-loss modes supported by the four types of fibers is compared under the premise of identical major structural parameters such as core diameter. The research results indicate that all four fiber structures exhibit the lowest overall average mode confinement loss when the number of nested tubes N = 8. Fibers ARF-1 and ARF-2 demonstrate the lowest fundamental mode confinement loss at N = 6, reaching as low as 1×10?? dB/m, while fibers ARF-3 and ARF-4 show the lowest fundamental mode loss at N = 5, reaching as low as 1×10?? dB/m. Further comparative analysis reveals that, under the condition of a core radius of 35 μm, as the number of nested tubes increas-es, the number of modes supported by the hollow-core fiber also increases. Among them, fibers ARF-1 and ARF-3 exhibit outstanding advantages in supporting low-loss multimode (i.e., CL < 0.1 dB/m) transmission. In particular, the positive waterdrop-structured nested tube fiber ARF-3 sup-ports up to 58 spatial-modes when N = 10. The research findings provide a theoretical basis and design guidance for the structural optimization and design of large-core, low-loss hollow-core an-ti-resonant fibers.