To satisfy the dual requirements of high imaging resolution and system miniaturization in modern night-time reconnaissance, surveillance, and target recognition applications, this study presents the design of a compact, high-resolution optical system for a low-light-level night vision device. The proposed system employs a modified asymmetric double-Gauss objective lens combined with a high-definition eyepiece that maintains uniform field curvature, thereby effectively reducing the overall optical length and enhancing both ergonomic comfort and system integration. The objective lens provides excellent aberration correction, achieving a fast aperture of f/1.08 and a 40° field of view. Through the introduction of even-order aspheric surfaces and comprehensive optimization of the lens configuration, the system attains 2K-level imaging resolution with low distortion under large relative aperture conditions. The resulting optical system exhibits remarkable advantages in miniaturization and high-resolution imaging compared with existing designs, making it well suited for portable and head-mounted applications. Experimental validation of the fabricated objective and eyepiece modules confirms the effectiveness of the design in terms of resolution, field coverage, and structural compactness.