In order to investigate the effects of scanning modes on the temperature field and scanning spacing on the temperature field of the cladding layer and the surface of the substrate during multi-channel, multi-layer laser cladding of a double ellipsoid heat source, a three-dimensional finite element model of double ellipsoidal laser cladding of nickel-based alloys was established based on conservation of energy and the fluid dynamics theory. Investigate the temperature field under cross-orthogonal multi-channel scanning and unidirectional two-layer multi-pass scanning. Analysis of the morphology of the cladding layer and the surface temperature of the substrate at different scanning spacings. The results show that the cross-orthogonal multi-channel scanning method reduces the anisotropy of the material and enhances the stability of the temperature field. The height of the cladding layer is negatively correlated with the scanning spacing, and the temperature at the same moment on the intercept line of the substrate surface increases with the increase of the laser scanning spacing. When the scanning spacing is too large, the strong isolation of the cladding layer track leads to the unevenness of the surface of the cladding layer, which provides a theoretical reference for the laser multi-channel multilayer cladding of precipitation strengthened nickel-based high temperature alloy.