Free-space optical communication system using orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams as carriers is highly susceptible to the disturbance of atmospheric turbulence, leading to a degradation of communication quality. This paper proposes a phase compensation scheme based on self-referenced interferometry and analyzes the influence of pinhole aperture and interference intensity ratio on the compensation performance. Compared with classical iterative algorithms via simulations, the results show that the proposed scheme greatly improves computational efficiency while maintaining good compensation performance in weak to medium turbulence and existing slight impairment in strong turbulence.