This paper starts from the development trend and research background of ultraviolet (UV) optical communication technology,for the application requirements of target localizatio n in specific environments,a method based on single scattering of polarized ultraviolet light to achieve non-line-of-sight target localization is proposed by combining the vibration direction characteristics of polarized light.Firstly,based on the UV atmospheric scatterin g transmission characteristics,a polarized UV non-line-of-sight single scattering model is established,and the polarization scattering propagation characteristics of ultraviolet light is der ived by the method of matrix optics.The relationship between the received light intensity and azimuth angle and distance between transmitter and receiver is established.Then,the Matlab software is us ed to simulate and analyze the effect of transmitter and receiver elevation angle and field of view angle on the received light intensity and azimuth angle measurement range,and the suitable t ransmitter and receiver elevation angle and field of view angle are selected.The azimuth angl e of the target is obtained according to the change of the light intensity of the received signal w ith the azimuth,and the distance between transmitter and receiver is calculated.In theory,the feasi bility of the system is verified,and the simulations and analyses of each error influence are carried out.At a distance of 500m,the distance measurement error is 25.3m when the transmitter and receiver elevation angle deviates 3° (preset value 25°).The influence of noise on the light intensity leads to the azimuth angle determination error to have a small effect on the ranging error,but the a zimuth angle determination error of 3° can cause a lateral deviation error of 26.2m from t he true position at a distance of 500m,thus improvement measures are proposed.The results of this pa per provide a theoretical basis for expanding the functions and practical applic ations of UV optical communication systems and have certainguiding significance.