Based on the generalized Huygens-Fres nel principle,the analytical expr ession for the field distribution and the intensity distribution of Gaussian vor tex beams propagating in gain and absorbing media is derived,the intensity dist ribution and phase evolution of Gaussian vortex beams propagating in gain and ab sorbing media are studied,the effects of the real part of wave number kr,the imaginary part of wave number ki and the topological charge m on beams propagati on properties are analyzed in detail.The results show that the larger the real p art of the wave number kr and the larger the topologic al charge m,the intensit y of Gaussian vortex beams decreases more slowly,it always keeps the characteris tic of hollow beam distribution and has good stability.The gain effect of beams propagation becomes more obvious with the increase of the imaginary part of wav e number k_i,the absorbtion effect of beams propaga tion becomes more obvious wi th the decrease of the imaginary part of wave number k i.The phase distribution of Gaussian vortex beams is affected by the topological charge m,The number of optical vortices of Gaussian vortex beams with different topological charge m ar e different at the source and during propagation.The conclusion of this paper i s of great significance for the research of vortex beams in the field of materia ls and its practical application.