A quick absolute distance measurement system,which also has great pot ential application to temperature,pressure,and strain measurements,is proposed in this paper.Compa red to most available low-coherence interferometric systems that have been used to conduct absolute m easurements,this system does not require scanning of the optical path difference during the measu rement,and is designed with easily available and inexpensive optical elements to provide a feasible mul tipurpose method applicable to industries.The optical fiber configuration endows itself with rem ote sensing ability.Based on dispersing the low-coherence interferometric signal from an optical fiber Fa bry-Perot (F-P) interferometer,the system needs only one frame captured by a linear array charg e-coupled device (CCD) rather than scanning the OPD to measure the absolute cavity length of the F-P i nterferometer.Therefore, it can perform absolute and quick measurements while being free from environment al disturbances. Parameters that have a linear relationship with cavity length,such as displacem ent,temperature, pressure,and strain,can also be measured by this system under conditions that improve the F-P interferometer structure.The sensing head can be very small so as to be embedde d in remote and harsh environments.Experimental results for absolute distance show that the measureme nt resolution can be as high as 3.317nm and the standard deviation of 10repeated measurements is 10.7nm.