A new method using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was established f or the rapid determination of streptomycin residues in water.The Au nanoparticles,which were prepared via sodium citrate deoxidizing tetrachloroaura tetrihydrate with electromagnetic heating,were used as SERS substrate.Firstly,the ab sorption spectra of the Au nanoparticles,the SERS spectra of streptomycin solution and its vibrat ional assignment were analyzed.And then the spectrometer′s power,the addition amount of Au nanop articles and the adsorption time were determined,respectively.Finally,the 1031cm－1 was used as the characteristic peak to establish the standard curve of streptomycin solution,and the precision and a ccuracy of the standard curve were verified.The results show that a good linearity is obtain ed between the peak intensity at 1031cm－1 and streptomycin solution concentration (2.0－20.0mg/L),the linear equation is Y=293.31X+435.42,and the determination coeff icient is 0.9337.The determination coefficient of streptomycin solutions between the actual values and the predicti ve values is 0.9643,and the root mean square error (RMSEP) is 1.3043mg/L.Recovery rate of streptomycin residues in water is 92.1%－133.0%,and the relative standard deviation is betwe en 0.88% and 2.41% (n=5).It is feasible that the Au nanoparticles ar e used as the surface substrate and the Raman spectroscopy is used for the rapid determination of streptomycin residues in water.