The modulating retro-reflector optical communication is a special form of the f ree-space optical communication.The modulating retro-reflector optical communi cation system includes two asymmetric terminals:the inquiry end and the modulati ng retro-reflection end.The inquiry end comprises transmitter and receiver,and the modulating retro-reflector end consists of the modulating retro-reflection device.The modulating retro-reflector optical communication can achieve the on e-way communication from the modulating retro-reflector end to the inquiry end .It has a large field of view,low power consumption,small size,etc.,so it is sui table for small platform environment.Compared with the traditional free-space o ptical communication,the MRR optical communication does not need the sophisticat ed tracking system.But it completes one-way communication from the MRR end to the inquiry end.This paper presents a single laser full-duplex MRR optical communication scheme based on the modulation method.It also analyzes the program simulation of signal transmissio n.Finally,the indoor-close experiment of the single laser full-duplex MRR optical communication is implemented,which verifies the feasibility of the scheme.