This paper designs and implements a ha rdware-based differential process and compress transmission method to solve the problem of mass data process with high transmission ratio for large-capacity an d high-speed fiber Bragg grating (FBG) interrogation systems.According to the feature of the demodulated data,this method makes differential process to decrease data amount initially,and combine s with the Lempel-Ziv-Welch dictionary compression method to reduce data redundancy.The method based on field programmable gate array (FPGA) has high data throughput.Demodulation frequency for test is 4kHz. Results show that the proposed method makes compression ratio down to 16.56% for static test of multiple FB G s and also attains 36.25% in dynamic test of multiple FBGs.Meanwhile,this method provides a satisfactory comp ress ratio in dynamic monitoring platform for aero-engine.Consequently,this method meets the demand o f high data transmission ratio with limited hardware.