In order to further improve monitoring safety of oil and gas pipeline,based on distributed optical fiber Brillouin scattering,a strain monitoring method of the oil and gas pipeline is put forward,and the simulated oil and gas pipeline is investigated by experiment.The pipeline deformation is studied through analyzing the relationship between the strain and Brillouin frequency shift.And how to layout the optical fiber is also studied.Experimental results show that Brillouin optical fiber scattering sensing technology can accurately monitor and identify the strain change of pipeline.In a 200 m optic fiber,the resolution of strain change is 2 με and the spatial location resolution is 0.5 m.