A numerical model of threshold energy density for retinal thermal damage(Dth) from 578 nm laser under the photodynamic therapy(PDT) exposing way was developed which uses the element-based Monte Carlo method to simulate the laser transport in the tissue,the Pennes bioheat transfer equation with variable thermal properties and variable blood perfusion rate to calculate the temperature distribution,and the Arrhenius equation to predict the thermal damage.The numerical results show that Dth decreases when melan...