This paper,based on the analysis of the features of knowledge base system and optical computing,proposed a knowledge base system based on optical computing (KBSBOC) and its hardware support system.The KBSBOC adopts a binary matrix knowledge presentation,and performs the parallel inference and learning by matrix operation,which makes the knowledge base operations become full parallel operations and suitable for optical computing.The KBSBOS hardware support system is opto electronic system and was composed of main control machine,knowledge storage unit and optical parallel logic arithmetic unit.The performance evaluation and experiments show the KBSBOS and its hardware support system are valid and reasonable,and the system can make the time complexity for solving Maze problem reduce to O(n).