The research is carried out for a new non-destructive testing technique,that is the Compton scattering inspection.At f irst,the practical significance and the present development are investigated.Bas ed on the mathematical model of Compton scattering inspection and for the practi cal use of this technique,the inspection system is analyzed in view of structure design.Consequently,the optimizing design for system parameters is presented to improve the resolution of the system.Moreover,the problem to improve the effici ency of Compton scattering inspection is discussed.